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\data\alt\turcet
 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*jol/aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red clayface="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíàÿ ãëèíà

face="Times New Roman Star"jos?a (SDD)
face="Times New Roman Star"jus?a (MA)






face="Times New Roman Star"joz?o

face="Times New Roman Star"soho


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|os?o








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 128, ÝÑÒß 4, 31. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|us?a, WMong. z?|osa 'red clay, red earth' (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 128 - although forms with -s- like Kaz., KKalp. z?osa are reborrowed from Mong.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:n(u)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to threatenface="Times New Roman Star"óãðîæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"jan- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jan- (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"jana-, dial. janu-
face="Times New Roman Star"jan-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|onu-
face="Times New Roman Star"jany- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n-z?|a- 'to reproach'




face="Times New Roman Star"sa:n-





face="Times New Roman Star"jana-face="Times New Roman Star"z?an-, z?an|-, z?|any-, zany-face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n-



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 942, ÝÑÒß 4, 114, Ëåêñèêà 564. Turk. > WMong. z?|anu-, Kalm. zan- (KW 466). The Turkm. form is related to *jenc?- 'crush' in ÝÑÒß 185; the latter has also a variant *janc?-, and the Turkm. form may in fact reflect a contamination of these two roots.
face="Times New Roman Star"*A:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red, scarletface="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûé, àëûéface="Times New Roman Star"al (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"al (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"alface="Times New Roman Star"alface="Times New Roman Star"al (Pav. C., Houts.), al 'bright red' (CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"al
face="Times New Roman Star"alface="Times New Roman Star"a:l










face="Times New Roman Star"alface="Times New Roman Star"al
face="Times New Roman Star"alface="Times New Roman Star"al

face="Times New Roman Star"alface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 94-95, ÝÑÒß 1, 125-126. A loanword in Russ. àëûé.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be afraid 2 to suspect, slander 3 slanderface="Times New Roman Star"1 áîÿòüñÿ 2 ïîäîçðåâàòü, êëåâåòàòü 3 êëåâåòàface="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jala- 2, jala 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jyl- 1, Osm. jal-face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (MKypch. - CCum.)






face="Times New Roman Star"d'ala 'fine, charge'

face="Times New Roman Star"jula 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala 3, z?|ala- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, EDT 918-919, ÝÑÒß 4, 87, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jem-u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to crush, destroy 2 to curse, reproachface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ïîðèöàòü, óïðåêàòüface="Times New Roman Star"jemir- (OUygh.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jemu"r- (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|imer- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jimir-, ju"mu"r- (R., Áóä.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jimir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"mu"r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"nebir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jemir-, d/emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|m@w|r- 2, 1

face="Times New Roman Star"c?emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|emir- 2, 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jemer- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937, VEWT 197, ÝÑÒß 4, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 210. The meaning 'crush, destroy, widespread in modern languages, must be a secondary development from the original more abstract 'harm' (whence also 'curse, reproach').
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|-ed-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to tune (an instrument) 2 to recuperate 3 to remedyface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàñòðàèâàòü (èíñòðóìåíò) 2 âûçäîðàâëèâàòü 3 ëå÷èòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ed- 2, o"n|edtu"r- (caus.) 3 (OUygh.)












face="Times New Roman Star"(Anatri) @ner- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 179, 182, Åãîðîâ 64, Ìóäðàê 135. Ôåäîòîâ 1, 153 compares the Chuv. form with OT on|ar- 'to correct', which is phonetically worse.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ojmaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 felt out of which boots are made 2 leather or skin bagface="Times New Roman Star"1 âîéëîê äëÿ ñàïîã 2 êîæàíûé ìåøîê
face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (Sangl.)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 273 (but derivation from Uj- 'squeeze', supported also by Clark 1977, 159, is highly dubious because of external parallels).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bia:tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"swift, quickface="Times New Roman Star"áûñòðûéface="Times New Roman Star"bat (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bat (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'suddenly'
face="Times New Roman Star"bat (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo|tface="Times New Roman Star"pat

face="Times New Roman Star"ba:da 'at once'



face="Times New Roman Star"pid@ ( < *pu"d@?) 'most, very'

face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'extremely'
face="Times New Roman Star"bat








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 65, EDT 296, Åãîðîâ 162, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 437.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ugu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tinderface="Times New Roman Star"òðóò













face="Times New Roman Star"úw|vúw|













face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sep-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to equip, fit out, add 2 addition; dowryface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðèáàâëÿòü, ñíàðÿæàòü 2 äîáàâêà, ïðèäàíîåface="Times New Roman Star"sep- 1(OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sip 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sa"p 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sep-li `with a dowry'

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sap-la- 'to compensate'face="Times New Roman Star"ep- 1, ebi: 'more, additionally'face="Times New Roman Star"ebi: 'more, additionally'

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2


face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 783, 784, VEWT 410, Stachowski 43. Turk. > WMong. seb, see KW 320.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sEbru"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sturgeonface="Times New Roman Star"ñåâðþãà


face="Times New Roman Star"so"jro"k




face="Times New Roman Star"su"jrik










face="Times New Roman Star"su"jrik





face="Times New Roman Star"su"jru"kface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 438, TMN 3, 291, Ëåêñèêà 178, ÝÑÒß 7. Cf. also Chuv. s?@v@r súmsa lit. 'sharp nose' (a contamination). Turk. > Hung. so?reg, see MNyTESz 3, 581.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAn/akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dungface="Times New Roman Star"íàâîçface="Times New Roman Star"majaq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"majaq, bajnaq (MK, Oghuz XI c.)



face="Times New Roman Star"majaq









face="Times New Roman Star"myjaqface="Times New Roman Star"myjaq









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 322, 336, EDT 350.
face="Times New Roman Star"*suguface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"water bucketface="Times New Roman Star"âåäðî äëÿ âîäû



face="Times New Roman Star"sug|ur (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a



face="Times New Roman Star"so: (Âåðá.)




face="Times New Roman Star"so: 'bucket made of birch bark'face="Times New Roman Star"so: 'bucket made of birch bark'









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 431.
face="Times New Roman Star"*san|kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bird dungface="Times New Roman Star"ïòè÷èé ïîìåò
face="Times New Roman Star"san| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sank
face="Times New Roman Star"san|q (B)













face="Times New Roman Star"zan|; san|g|yt- 'to defecate'face="Times New Roman Star"san|g|y- 'to defecate'







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 831, VEWT 401, Ëåêñèêà 150-151, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sEc?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to choose, selectface="Times New Roman Star"âûáèðàòüface="Times New Roman Star"sec?- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sec?-
face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- (IM, Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"sec?-face="Times New Roman Star"sec?-




face="Times New Roman Star"es- `to drag out the net'







face="Times New Roman Star"sec?-face="Times New Roman Star"sec?-


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 794-795, VEWT 407, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"mface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"darkness, shadowface="Times New Roman Star"òåìíîòà, òåíü













face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|m













face="Times New Roman Star"An isolated Chuvash form.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAn|ak / -atface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gills 2 place on neck where the jaw ends 3 beard, barb (of axe)face="Times New Roman Star"1 æàáðû 2 ìåñòî íà øåå, ãäå çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ÷åëþñòü 3 áîðîäêà (òîïîðà)


face="Times New Roman Star"san|aq 1, (dial.) 3







face="Times New Roman Star"san|at, san|yt 2



face="Times New Roman Star"sa:t 2


face="Times New Roman Star"san|g|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"han|aq (dial.) 3





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 222. There is some confusion between this root and *sakak q. v. sub *s?ek`a.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dAk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bind to, add toface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèâÿçûâàòü, ïðèêðåïëÿòüface="Times New Roman Star"taq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (MK - Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"tak-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (Sangl., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"taq-, dial. Xwar. daq-

face="Times New Roman Star"tax-face="Times New Roman Star"daq-

face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (dial. - Áàñê. Òóáà)





face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-
face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"daq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-
face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 456, EDT 464, ÝÑÒß 3, 129-130.
face="Times New Roman Star"*atanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a castrated camelface="Times New Roman Star"êàñòðèðîâàííûé âåðáëþä
face="Times New Roman Star"atan (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"atan (IM)



face="Times New Roman Star"atan (dial.)






face="Times New Roman Star"adan
face="Times New Roman Star"atanface="Times New Roman Star"atanface="Times New Roman Star"atan



face="Times New Roman Star"atan

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 60, ÝÑÒß 1, 202-203. Turk. > WMong. atan 'castrated camel'. Cf. also Yak. at 'castrated', atta:- 'to castrate' - homonymous with at 'horse', which is probably a secondary merger (the two roots obviously are to be kept separate).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tata-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to become angry 2 irascibleface="Times New Roman Star"1 îñòåðâåíåòü 2 âñïûëü÷èâûé, ðàçäðàæèòåëüíûé














face="Times New Roman Star"tatyas 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tady-la- 'to nicker, guffaw'
face="Times New Roman Star"tatar- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 467. Cf. Khalkha tataj 'an interjection of hate, loathe', perhaps originally < Turkic; the Mong. form = Khak., Oyr., Yak., Kirgh. tataj, Tuva dadaj.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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