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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*jol/a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"red clay face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíàÿ ãëèíà face="Times New Roman Star"jos?a (SDD ) face="Times New Roman Star"jus?a (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"joz?o face="Times New Roman Star"soho face="Times New Roman Star"z?|os?o face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 128, ÝÑÒß 4, 31. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) z?|us?a, WMong. z?|osa 'red clay, red earth' (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 128 - although forms with -s- like Kaz., KKalp. z?osa are reborrowed from Mong.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:n(u)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to threaten face="Times New Roman Star"óãðîæàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jan- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jana-, dial. janu- face="Times New Roman Star"jan- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|onu- face="Times New Roman Star"jany- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n-z?|a- 'to reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"sa:n- face="Times New Roman Star"jana- face="Times New Roman Star"z?an-, z?an|-, z?|any-, zany- face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 942, ÝÑÒß 4, 114, Ëåêñèêà 564. Turk. > WMong. z?|anu-, Kalm. zan- (KW 466). The Turkm. form is related to *jenc?- 'crush' in ÝÑÒß 185; the latter has also a variant *janc?-, and the Turkm. form may in fact reflect a contamination of these two roots.
face="Times New Roman Star"*A:l face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"red, scarlet face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûé, àëûé face="Times New Roman Star"al (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"al (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al (Pav. C. , Houts. ), al 'bright red' (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"a:l face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 94-95, ÝÑÒß 1, 125-126. A loanword in Russ. àëûé.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAl- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be afraid 2 to suspect, slander 3 slander face="Times New Roman Star"1 áîÿòüñÿ 2 ïîäîçðåâàòü, êëåâåòàòü 3 êëåâåòà face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jala- 2, jala 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jyl- 1, Osm. jal- face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (MKypch. - CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"d'ala 'fine, charge' face="Times New Roman Star"jula 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala 3, z?|ala- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, EDT 918-919, ÝÑÒß 4, 87, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jem-u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to crush, destroy 2 to curse, reproach face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ïîðèöàòü, óïðåêàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- (OUygh.) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jemu"r- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|imer- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jimir-, ju"mu"r- (R., Áóä. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jimir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"mu"r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"nebir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir-, d/emir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|m@w|r- 2, 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?emir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|emir- 2, 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemer- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?emir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937, VEWT 197, ÝÑÒß 4, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 210. The meaning 'crush, destroy, widespread in modern languages, must be a secondary development from the original more abstract 'harm' (whence also 'curse, reproach').
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|-ed- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to tune (an instrument) 2 to recuperate 3 to remedy face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàñòðàèâàòü (èíñòðóìåíò) 2 âûçäîðàâëèâàòü 3 ëå÷èòü face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ed- 2, o"n|edtu"r- (caus.) 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"(Anatri) @ner- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 179, 182, Åãîðîâ 64, Ìóäðàê 135. Ôåäîòîâ 1, 153 compares the Chuv. form with OT on|ar- 'to correct', which is phonetically worse.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ojma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 felt out of which boots are made 2 leather or skin bag face="Times New Roman Star"1 âîéëîê äëÿ ñàïîã 2 êîæàíûé ìåøîê face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 273 (but derivation from Uj- 'squeeze', supported also by Clark 1977 , 159, is highly dubious because of external parallels).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bia:t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"swift, quick face="Times New Roman Star"áûñòðûé face="Times New Roman Star"bat (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bat (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'suddenly' face="Times New Roman Star"bat (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|t face="Times New Roman Star"pat face="Times New Roman Star"ba:da 'at once' face="Times New Roman Star"pid@ ( < *pu"d@?) 'most, very' face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'extremely' face="Times New Roman Star"bat face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 65, EDT 296, Åãîðîâ 162, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 437.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ugu- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tinder face="Times New Roman Star"òðóò face="Times New Roman Star"úw|vúw| face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sep- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to equip, fit out, add 2 addition; dowry face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðèáàâëÿòü, ñíàðÿæàòü 2 äîáàâêà, ïðèäàíîå face="Times New Roman Star"sep- 1(OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sip 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sa"p 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sep-li `with a dowry' face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sap-la- 'to compensate' face="Times New Roman Star"ep- 1, ebi: 'more, additionally' face="Times New Roman Star"ebi: 'more, additionally' face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 783, 784, VEWT 410, Stachowski 43. Turk. > WMong. seb, see KW 320.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sEbru"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sturgeon face="Times New Roman Star"ñåâðþãà face="Times New Roman Star"so"jro"k face="Times New Roman Star"su"jrik face="Times New Roman Star"su"jrik face="Times New Roman Star"su"jru"k face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 438, TMN 3, 291, Ëåêñèêà 178, ÝÑÒß 7. Cf. also Chuv. s?@v@r súmsa lit. 'sharp nose' (a contamination). Turk. > Hung. so?reg, see MNyTESz 3, 581.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAn/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dung face="Times New Roman Star"íàâîç face="Times New Roman Star"majaq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"majaq, bajnaq (MK , Oghuz XI c.) face="Times New Roman Star"majaq face="Times New Roman Star"myjaq face="Times New Roman Star"myj aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 322, 336, EDT 350.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sugu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"water bucket face="Times New Roman Star"âåäðî äëÿ âîäû face="Times New Roman Star"sug|ur (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a face="Times New Roman Star"so: (Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"so: 'bucket made of birch bark' face="Times New Roman Star"so: 'bucket made of birch bark' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 431.
face="Times New Roman Star"*san|k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bird dung face="Times New Roman Star"ïòè÷èé ïîìåò face="Times New Roman Star"san| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sank face="Times New Roman Star"san|q (B) face="Times New Roman Star"zan|; san|g|yt- 'to defecate' face="Times New Roman Star"san|g|y- 'to defecate' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 831, VEWT 401, Ëåêñèêà 150-151, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sEc?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to choose, select face="Times New Roman Star"âûáèðàòü face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- (IM , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- face="Times New Roman Star"es- `to drag out the net' face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- face="Times New Roman Star"sec?- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 794-795, VEWT 407, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"m face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"darkness, shadow face="Times New Roman Star"òåìíîòà, òåíü face="Times New Roman Star"s@w|m face="Times New Roman Star"An isolated Chuvash form.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAn|ak / -at face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 gills 2 place on neck where the jaw ends 3 beard, barb (of axe) face="Times New Roman Star"1 æàáðû 2 ìåñòî íà øåå, ãäå çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ÷åëþñòü 3 áîðîäêà (òîïîðà) face="Times New Roman Star"san|aq 1, (dial.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"san|at, san|yt 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sa: t 2 face="Times New Roman Star"san|g|aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"han|aq (dial.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 222. There is some confusion between this root and *sakak q. v. sub *s?ek`a .
face="Times New Roman Star"*dAk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bind to, add to face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèâÿçûâàòü, ïðèêðåïëÿòü face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (MK - Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"tak- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (Sangl. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"taq-, dial. Xwar. daq- face="Times New Roman Star"tax- face="Times New Roman Star"daq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (dial. - Áàñê. Òóáà ) face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"daq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"taq- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 456, EDT 464, ÝÑÒß 3, 129-130.
face="Times New Roman Star"*atan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a castrated camel face="Times New Roman Star"êàñòðèðîâàííûé âåðáëþä face="Times New Roman Star"atan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"atan (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"atan (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"adan face="Times New Roman Star"atan face="Times New Roman Star"atan face="Times New Roman Star"atan face="Times New Roman Star"atan face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 60, ÝÑÒß 1, 202-203. Turk. > WMong. atan 'castrated camel'. Cf. also Yak. at 'castrated', atta:- 'to castrate' - homonymous with at 'horse', which is probably a secondary merger (the two roots obviously are to be kept separate).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tata- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become angry 2 irascible face="Times New Roman Star"1 îñòåðâåíåòü 2 âñïûëü÷èâûé, ðàçäðàæèòåëüíûé face="Times New Roman Star"tatyas 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tady-la- 'to nicker, guffaw' face="Times New Roman Star"tatar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 467. Cf. Khalkha tataj 'an interjection of hate, loathe', perhaps originally < Turkic; the Mong. form = Khak., Oyr., Yak., Kirgh. tataj, Tuva dadaj.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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